M君分享丨翻译方法之重复法
大家好，我是M君，一个集经验
与才华于一身的良心小编。
大家还记得上周M君分享的增词法吗？增词法是指在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，从而使译文在语法、语言形式上符合汉语的表达习惯。今天M君要分享的重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是上文刚刚出现过的词。翻译和写作一样，本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词；但有时为了明确、强调或生动，也需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。下面让我们一起来看看在三种不同的目的下，重复法的多种运用方式。
Day Day Up
一、为了明确
（一） 重复名词
1. 重复英语中作宾语的名词，如：
The next item on the agenda is to revise safety and sanitary regulations.
议程的下一项目是修订安全规则和卫生规则。
I had experienced oxygen and/ or engine trouble.
我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。
They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.
他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
2. 重复英语中作表语的名词，如：
He became an oil millionaire--all by himself.
他成为一个石油大王--一个白手起家的石油大王。
This has been our position--but not theirs.
这一直是我们的立场--而不是他们的立场。
Carol is your friend as much as she is mine.
卡罗既是你的朋友，也是我的朋友。
3. 重复英语介词短语前所省略的名词，如：
The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen ordinary patients.
医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从十七个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
The story of Jurgis is a story of groans and tears, of poor black people destroyed by white colonialists.
尤吉斯的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是白人殖民主义者摧残不幸的黑人的故事。
We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.
由此可见，现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物，是生产方式和交换方式的一系列变革的产物。
4. 重复英语中作先行词的名词，如：
May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its Communist Party, through you, for the glowing success of constructing your country, which is now inspiring the world.
让我通过您，表达我对伟大的中国人民和中国共产党的最衷心祝贺！祝贺你们建设国家的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。
They have staged demonstrations and sit-ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in New York.
他们举行了游行示威和静坐，散发了请愿书，而这些请愿书必定会传到驻纽约的外国记者手中。
The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left.
小学徒对老板尤其怕得要死，老板经常整他，而且整得很重，简直把他整惨了。
（二） 重复动词
1. 英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。如：
Is he a friend or an enemy?
他是个朋友呢，还是个仇人？
The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too.
这一击不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。
For a good ten minutes, Mother cursed me and my brother.
足足有十分钟之久，妈妈既骂我，又骂我的兄弟。
2. 英语句子中动词后有介词时，第二次第三次往往只用介词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词。如：
Approaching graduation, my roommates and I talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of books, of everything.
临近毕业，我和室友们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到书籍，谈到一切。
One night, he had a nice sleep, no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great sharks, nor fight.
一夜，他睡得很香，不再梦见风暴，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鲨鱼和搏斗。
He supplied his novels not only with biographies of characters, but with their portraits.
他不仅在他的小说中提供人物传记，而且还提供人物画像。
（三） 重复代词
1. 英语中用代词的地方，翻译时可按汉语习惯重复其所代替的名词。如：
Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.
杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。
In China, they "made mistakes", suffered by them, acknowledged and studied them, thus planned victory.
在中国，他们“犯过错误”，吃过错误的亏，承认错误，研究错误，从而制定了胜利的方针。
He accepted failure; he had conquered it all his life, and risen above it.
他接受失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败。
2. 英语中用物主代词its、his、their时，翻译时可以用名词，以达到明确具体的目的。如：
Happy families also had their own troubles.
幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。
Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.
强国有强国的策略，小国也有小国的路线。
Each country has its own customs.
各国有各国的风俗。
3. 英语中强势关系代词或副词whoever、whenever、wherever等，翻译时往往用重复法。如：
Whoever violates the traffic regulations should be punished.
谁违反了交通规则，谁就应该受到惩罚。
Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution.
哪里有残酷的压迫，哪里就有革命。
Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free.
你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。
二、为了强调
为了强调，英语句子中往往重复关键词，翻译时也可重复。分为以下两种情况：
（一） 用同样的汉语词重复，如：
Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.
以眼还眼，以牙还牙。
Out of sight, out of mind.
眼不见，心不烦。
Blood must atone for blood.
血债要用血来还。
（二） 用汉语的同义词、近义词重复，如：
They often read and re-read the secret notes.
他们常常一遍又一遍地反复琢磨这些密信。
I know you hate me and I hate you, we had better part right now.
我知道你恨我，我也嫌你，咱们最好马上就分手吧。
Every change of season, every change of weather, every hour of the day produces some change in the magical hues and shape of these mountains; and they are regarded by all good wives, far and near, as perfect barometers.
季节的每一更迭，气候的每一转变，乃至一天中的每一小时，都给这些山峦的奇幻色彩和形态带来变化，远近的主妇们都把这些改变看作是准确的晴雨表。
三、为了生动
（一） 运用两个四字词组，使文字生动活泼，有节奏感。如：
But there had been too much publicity about my case.
但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。
The streets were overrun by Hitler’s bullies.
那时希特勒的暴徒在街上横行霸道，无恶不作。
They established target priorities at that meeting.
他们在那个会议上决定了目标的轻重缓急，孰先孰后。
（二） 运用词的重迭，如：
I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.
我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，直言无隐。
His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.
他的孩子们，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父母似的。
Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.
欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的、零零落落、冷冷谈谈的掌声。
（三） 运用四字对偶词组，如：
Great contributions 丰功伟绩
Gratitude 感恩戴德
Ingratitude 忘恩负义
Prosperity 繁荣昌盛
Eternal glory to 永垂不朽
Vivid 生动活泼
Hesitate 彷徨犹豫
Arrogance 骄傲自大
Grotesque 奇形怪状
Careless 粗心大意
In chaos 乱七八糟
Street gossip 街谈巷议
Rumours 流言蜚语
I was admittedly shy.
我是以腼腆胆怯著称的。
It was a bright September afternoon, and the streets of New York were brilliant with moving men.
这是九月的一个晴朗的下午，纽约的大街上，人来人往，五光十色。
Whatever initial worries we had about the plane soon vanished.
不管开始时我们对这架飞机有什么不放心，这种顾虑不久就烟消云散了。
重复法的目的是使意思表达得更加清楚，或者进一步加强语气，突出强调某些内容，收到更好的修辞效果。一般而言，英语往往为了行文简洁而尽量避免重复。所以，英语经常借助替代、省略或变换等其他表达方法。相反，重复却是汉语表达的一个显著特点。在许多场合某些词语不仅需要重复，而且也只有重复这些词语，语义才能明确，表达才能生动。因此，为了达到汉语译文准确、通顺和完整的翻译标准，在翻译中我们通常会用到重复法。
我只是一条分割线
今天的翻译技巧学会了吗？欢迎关注M君！M君带着最新最全的MTI备考资料，等着你哦！喜欢M君的话，请给M君的文章点赞分享，你们的支持，是M君更新最大的动力！
关注M君，定期更新，干货享不停！
喜欢M君，那就分享M君给身边的小伙伴吧，大家一起学习，共同备战MTI！
关注M君，各种干货喂饱你！
长按右侧二维码，关注
往期精选 Editors' Choice